ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™
ืžืืžืจ ยท ืคื•ืจืกื™ื™ื˜

ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื”: ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืฃ

ื‘ืขืœืช ืขืกืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืงืคื” ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื” ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ืœื™ื“ื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ

ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืืฆืœื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘-600 โ‚ช ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืข"ืž. ื–ื” ืขืžื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืช: ืฉื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื™ืฉืื™ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื, ื™ืฉืœื— ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืื• ื™ืงื ื”. ื”ื•ื ืžืชืื™ื ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ืžืŸ, ืœื”ืฉืงื” ืื• ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื•ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืงื•ืก, ืœื ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ. ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื“ืฃ ืžืงืจื‘ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจื ืœืื•ืชื” ืคืขื•ืœื”.

ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื”?

ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘-600 โ‚ช ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืข"ืž, ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื“ืฃ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™: ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื•ืช, ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ, ื˜ื•ืคืก ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืื• ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช. ื”ื“ืฃ ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืจื“ืคืจืก ื•ื‘ืืœืžื ื˜ื•ืจ ืขื ืงื•ื“ ื ืงื™, ื•ืœื ืžื—ื•ืœืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœืงื“ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื•ืœืขืจื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื“. ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืจื™ื›ื–ืชื™ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืืชืจื™ื.

ืžื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื”?

  • ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืื—ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื™ ืžื–ื”.
  • ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืžื•ื“ืขื”. ืžื™ ืฉืœื—ืฅ ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื ื•ืฉื.
  • ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืช. ื˜ื•ืคืก ืงืฆืจ ืื• ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื•ื•ืื˜ืกืืค, ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืฃ.
  • ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช: ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช, ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ื.
  • ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช: ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื—, ื•ืžื” ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืชืื™ื.
  • ื’ืจืกืช ื ื™ื™ื“ ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžืงืžืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.

ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ืžืœื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืฆืžื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžื” ื–ื” ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื”.

ืกืงื™ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขื ืคืชืงื™ื ื•ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ

ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฆืขื“ ืื—ืจ ืฆืขื“?

  1. ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืช. ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ื›ื ืจืื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื ื™ ื“ืคื™ื.
  2. ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื. ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืžื•ื›ืจ, ื•ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ืื•ืชื•.
  3. ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื ืจืื” ื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืœ.
  4. ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ื“ื”. ืื™ืจื•ืข ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื™ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืขืœืชื” ื›ืœ ืื—ืช.
  5. ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช ืขื•ืœื” ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ืžืŸ. ืจืื• ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืชืจ.
  6. ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื. ืžืฉื ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื, ื›ืžื• ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช, ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื.

ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืื• ื‘ืืชืจ ืขืฆืžื•?

ื›ืœื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืžื ื•ื™ ื“ืฃ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœืš, ื‘ื•ื•ืจื“ืคืจืก
ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”, ืขื ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืงืžื”
ืขืœื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ืช, ื”ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ื
ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืœืจื•ื‘ ืชืช-ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืš
ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืžื—ื–ืง ื’ื ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืืชืจ
ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืœื

ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื›ืœื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืกืคื™ืง. ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื“ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื. ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” "ื“ืคื™ ื ื—ื™ืชื”".

ืื™ืœื• ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ?

  • ืชืคืจื™ื˜ ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืžื”ื“ืฃ. ื›ืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ื‘ืจื™ื—ื”.
  • ื˜ื•ืคืก ืืจื•ืš. ื›ืœ ืฉื“ื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืคื ื™ื•ืช. ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืกืคื™ืงื™ื.
  • ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื—.
  • ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช. ื‘ืœื™ ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจืกื•ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช.

ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืกืฃ?

ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ืกื•ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ. ื–ื• ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ:

  • ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื•ืช. ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืกืง ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืžื” ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœื•.
  • ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ื˜ื•ืคืก ืืžื™ืชื™. ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืฉื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื”, ื•ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื ื ืกืคืจืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื”.
  • ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ื‘ืจืฉืช ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ืช. ืœื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื™-ืคื™ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ื›ื™ ืฉื ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืžื”ื™ืจ.
  • ืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ. ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืื˜ืกืืค, ืฉื™ืคืชื— ืขื ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ื›ื ื”.
  • ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืœืžื•ื“ืขื”. ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ื, ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฆืขื”.
  • ืžื•ื•ื“ืื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื”. ืขืžื•ื“ ืชื•ื“ื” ืื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืคื•ื ื” ื™ื“ืข ืฉื–ื” ืขื‘ืจ.

ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฅ, ื‘ื“ืงื• ืงื•ื“ื ืืช ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื. ืื ื”ื•ื ื ืžื•ืš, ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื“ืฃ ื•ืœื ื‘ืžื•ื“ืขื”, ื•ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืจืง ืชื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืคืกื“.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ืžื” ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืœืืชืจ?

ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื” ื”ื•ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืื—ื“ ืขื ืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืช, ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืกื—ื•ืช ื“ืขืช. ืืชืจ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืกืง ื•ืžืฉืจืช ื›ืžื” ืžื˜ืจื•ืช. ืœืืชืจ ืชื“ืžื™ืช ืœืขืกืง ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืื—ืจ.

ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื“ื ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื” ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ?

ื›ืŸ, ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื, ืขื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ืžื™ืœืช ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืจื•ืจื”. ื“ืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื™ืชืงืฉื” ืœืขืœื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ืžืŸ.

ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœื•ืงื— ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื”?

ื“ืฃ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืงืฆืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ. ืžื” ืฉืœื•ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืžื ื•.

ื”ืื ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืขืกืง?

ื”ื•ื ืžืชืื™ื ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืกืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืžื‘ืฆืข ืื• ืื™ืจื•ืข. ืื ืื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื.

ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื ืคืจื“ ืœื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื”?

ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœื. ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื—ื–ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืืชืจ ื›ื•ืœื•.

ืจื•ืฆื” ื“ืฃ ื ื—ื™ืชื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ื•ืช?

ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื ื” ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืืชืจื™ื ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืคื ื™ื•ืช, ืœื ืœืคื™ ื™ื•ืคื™. ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ืงืฆืจื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืกืจื™ืงื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ืช ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืžืจืื” ืœืš ืžื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขืกืง ืฉืœืš, ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื“ื‘ืจื• ืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื•ื•ืื˜ืกืืค ืื• ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ ื›ืืŸ.

ืื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ?
ื‘ื•ื ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง ืฉืœืš.

ืกืจื™ืงื” ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ืช ื—ื™ื ื, ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืืช ื”ืืชืจ, ืืช ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ื•ืืช ื’ื•ื’ืœ, ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœืš ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”. ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช.